Strengthening Efforts to Prevent Sexual Violence in Creating a Safe, Comfortable, and Inclusive Academic Environment
Abstract
This study is motivated by the persistently high incidence of sexual violence in higher education institutions, indicating that the existence of regulations alone has not been sufficient to create a safe, comfortable, and inclusive academic environment. The study aims to analyze the characteristics and underlying factors contributing to sexual violence in academic settings, describe the implementation of various prevention efforts based on the literature and existing regulations, and formulate a holistic strategy for strengthening prevention initiatives. This research employed a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data sources included regulations, scholarly articles, books, institutional reports, and policy documents relevant to the prevention and handling of sexual violence in higher education. Data were collected through a systematic literature review, source selection based on relevance, and thematic classification, followed by analysis using data reduction, thematic categorization, interpretation, synthesis of findings, and conceptual conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that sexual violence in academic environments is influenced by multidimensional factors, particularly unequal power relations, patriarchal culture, limited literacy regarding consent, weak reporting mechanisms, and a culture of silence. Prevention efforts have been implemented through the establishment of Sexual Violence Prevention and Response Task Forces, policy development, educational programs, and victim support services; however, their effectiveness varies across higher education institutions. This study proposes a conceptual framework for strengthening prevention efforts by integrating regulatory, educational, institutional, cultural, and collaborative dimensions as a holistic strategy for creating a safe, comfortable, and inclusive academic environment. These findings contribute a conceptual reference for the development of policies and governance frameworks aimed at preventing sexual violence in higher education institutions.
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References
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Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Carmo, E., Brazão, N., Costa, P., Moreira, B., Carvalho, J., et al. (2026). The prevention of sexual violence in school settings with adolescents: A study protocol for the cluster randomized trial of the SUN (Stand Up Now against Sexual Violence) program. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 166, 108360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2026.108360
Christina Nieder, Kim Thomae, & Joscha Kärtner. (2024). Online Sexual Violence Prevention on a Female College Campus in India: Evaluation of the RISE-ON Program. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 24(2), 100470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100470
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Eunice Carmo, Nélio Brazão, Patrício Costa, et al. (2026). The Prevention of Sexual Violence in School Settings with Adolescents: A Study Protocol for the SUN Program. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 166, 108360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2026.108360
Ferede, Y. A., Tassew, W. C., Mitku, M. L., Gashe, A. D., Ayenew, G. M., Nigussie, A., & Zeleke, A. M. (2026). Sexual violence and associated factors among female night students in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 117, 103053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2025.103053
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977. Pantheon Books.
Hafizah, M., Netrawati, N., & Karneli, Y. (2024). Pencegahan kekerasan seksual pada peserta didik di Indonesia dengan pendekatan eksistensial: Systematic literature review. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(3), 225–238. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.10385
Irsan Mawardi Sofyan, Novelin Ingrid Eka Sukma, Aisyah Nur Izzah, Thoriq Nashruddin Althof, & Supriyono. (2024). Dinamika Kekerasan Seksual yang Terjadi di Lingkungan Kampus: Tinjauan terhadap Faktor Penyebab dan Upaya untuk Menguranginya. Bersatu: Jurnal Pendidikan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, 2(2), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.51903/bersatu.v2i2.615
Ismi, A. L., Jayanuarto, R., Putra, H. S., & Ardinata, M. (2025). Tindak pidana kekerasan seksual di lingkungan perguruan tinggi: Tantangan implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022. PROGRESIF: Jurnal Hukum. https://doi.org/10.33019/x576ke50
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.
Lutfi Agus Salim, Muthmainnah, Rahmah Christiawan, et al. (2026). Factors Associated with Sexual Violence Prevention Behavior among Female Students in Indonesia. The Open Public Health Journal, 19. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445409923251027185405
Makin, O. R. M. (2023). Karakteristik kekerasan seksual di lingkungan perguruan tinggi. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Keislaman, 3(3), 391–396. https://doi.org/10.55883/jipkis.v3i3.98
Manurung, C. B. M., Ghufriani, D. R., Winata, H., Aulia, M., Akbar, M. A. T., et al. (2024). Analisis kekerasan seksual di lingkungan kampus menurut perspektif hukum dan masyarakat. Majalah Hukum Indonesia, 2(2).
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Muh. Thala'at, Safinah, & Khairul Farizin. (2025). Analisis Literatur dan Tinjauan Hukum tentang Upaya Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam. IJIERA: International Journal of Islamic Education and Research Application, 1(1).
Mutia Hafizah, Netrawati, & Yeni Karneli. (2024). Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual pada Peserta Didik di Indonesia dengan Pendekatan Eksistensial: Systematic Literature Review. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(3), 225–238. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.10385
Mutia Fitri, E. ., Widi Lestari, A., Firdausi, F., & Dwi Nanarhati Setiamandani, E. . (2023). IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TENTANG PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL (PPKS) DI PERGURUAN TINGGI. Journal of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (gesi), 1(1). https://doi.org/10.38156/gesi.v1i1.147
Nieder, C., Thomae, K., & Kärtner, J. (2024). Online sexual violence prevention on a female college campus in India: Evaluation of the RISE-ON program. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 24(2), 100470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100470
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
Oktaviani R. M. Makin. (2023). Karakteristik Kekerasan Seksual di Lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Keislaman, 3(3), 391–396. https://doi.org/10.55883/jipkis.v3i3.98
Pambudi, A. R., Sutrisno, E., & Rivai, F. H. (2025). An Analysis of the Implementation of Sexual Violence Prevention and Response Policies (PPKS) in Higher Education in Indonesian. Ilomata International Journal of Social Science, 6(3), 1142–1162. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijss.v6i3.1820
Quran, R. F. (2022). Kekerasan seksual di lingkungan perguruan tinggi. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 8(15), 480–486. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7052155
Ritonga, A. R., Thamrin, M. H., & Nur'aini. (2025). Optimalisasi komunikasi penyuluhan dalam pencegahan pelecehan seksual di institusi pendidikan tinggi (Tinjauan literatur sistematis). Komunika, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.32734/komunika.v20i02.18104
Salim, L. A., Muthmainnah, M., Christiawan, R., Nurmala, I., Devi, Y. P., Salsabila, A. C., Ekoriano, M., Latifah, L. (2026). Factors associated with sexual violence prevention behavior among female students in Indonesia. The Open Public Health Journal, 19. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445409923251027185405
Satria, T. B., Landrawan, I. W., & Hartono, M. S. (2025). IMPLEMENTASI PERMENDIKBUD RISTEK NO 30 TAHUN 2021 JO PERMENDIKBUD RISTEK NOMOR 55 TAHUN 2024 SEBAGAI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI DI KABUPATEN BULELENG. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sui Generis, 5(3). https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JIH/article/view/5827
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Sofyan, I. M., Sukma, N. I. E., Izzah, A. N., Althof, T. N., & Supriyono. (2024). Dinamika kekerasan seksual yang terjadi di lingkungan kampus: Tinjauan terhadap faktor penyebab dan upaya untuk menguranginya. Bersatu: Jurnal Pendidikan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, 2(2), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.51903/bersatu.v2i2.615
Wartoyo, F. X., & Ginting, Y. P. (2023). Kekerasan seksual pada lingkungan perguruan tinggi ditinjau dari nilai Pancasila. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 11(1), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v11i1.423
World Health Organization. (2002). World Report on Violence and Health. WHO.
World Health Organization. (2010). Preventing Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Against Women. WHO.
Yockey, R. A., Mantey, D. S., Hoopsick, R., Amis, A., Devier, E., Drane, C., & Silva, R. (2026). Sexual violence among U.S. high school students: Differences by sexual identity, 2023. Journal of Adolescent Health, 78(3), 470–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.10.027
Zed, M. (2018). Metode penelitian kepustakaan (3rd ed.). Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Asy'ari. (2022). Relasi kuasa dan tantangan kekerasan terhadap perempuan di perguruan tinggi Islam. Palita: Journal of Social Religion Research, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.24256/pal.v7i2.3178
Aulia Rahma Ritonga, Muhammad Husni Thamrin, & Nur'aini. (2025). Optimalisasi Komunikasi Penyuluhan dalam Pencegahan Pelecehan Seksual di Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi (Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis). Komunika, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.32734/komunika.v20i02.18104
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Carmo, E., Brazão, N., Costa, P., Moreira, B., Carvalho, J., et al. (2026). The prevention of sexual violence in school settings with adolescents: A study protocol for the cluster randomized trial of the SUN (Stand Up Now against Sexual Violence) program. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 166, 108360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2026.108360
Christina Nieder, Kim Thomae, & Joscha Kärtner. (2024). Online Sexual Violence Prevention on a Female College Campus in India: Evaluation of the RISE-ON Program. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 24(2), 100470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100470
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Daulay, A., Netrawati, N., Karneli, Y., & Trisanti, D. (2024). Systematic literature review: Pendekatan eksistensial-humanistik untuk mencegah kekerasan seksual pada mahasiswa. Counselia: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Pendidikan Islam, 5(1), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.31943/counselia.v5i1.9
Edward Panjaitan & Evi Deliviana. (2025). Tinjauan Pustaka tentang Dinamika Kasus Kekerasan Seksual di Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal Inada, 8(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.33541/ji.v8i1.7261
Edwards III, G. C. (1980). Implementing Public Policy. Congressional Quarterly Press.
Esti Ningrum, Iskatrinah, & Gholibudin Zuhaermanto. (2025). Implementasi Permendikbud Nomor 30 Tahun 2021 tentang Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual di Lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi. Cakrawala Hukum, 27(2), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.51921/chk.0fv8qg62
Eunice Carmo, Nélio Brazão, Patrício Costa, et al. (2026). The Prevention of Sexual Violence in School Settings with Adolescents: A Study Protocol for the SUN Program. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 166, 108360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2026.108360
Ferede, Y. A., Tassew, W. C., Mitku, M. L., Gashe, A. D., Ayenew, G. M., Nigussie, A., & Zeleke, A. M. (2026). Sexual violence and associated factors among female night students in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 117, 103053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2025.103053
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977. Pantheon Books.
Hafizah, M., Netrawati, N., & Karneli, Y. (2024). Pencegahan kekerasan seksual pada peserta didik di Indonesia dengan pendekatan eksistensial: Systematic literature review. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(3), 225–238. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.10385
Irsan Mawardi Sofyan, Novelin Ingrid Eka Sukma, Aisyah Nur Izzah, Thoriq Nashruddin Althof, & Supriyono. (2024). Dinamika Kekerasan Seksual yang Terjadi di Lingkungan Kampus: Tinjauan terhadap Faktor Penyebab dan Upaya untuk Menguranginya. Bersatu: Jurnal Pendidikan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, 2(2), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.51903/bersatu.v2i2.615
Ismi, A. L., Jayanuarto, R., Putra, H. S., & Ardinata, M. (2025). Tindak pidana kekerasan seksual di lingkungan perguruan tinggi: Tantangan implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022. PROGRESIF: Jurnal Hukum. https://doi.org/10.33019/x576ke50
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.
Lutfi Agus Salim, Muthmainnah, Rahmah Christiawan, et al. (2026). Factors Associated with Sexual Violence Prevention Behavior among Female Students in Indonesia. The Open Public Health Journal, 19. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445409923251027185405
Makin, O. R. M. (2023). Karakteristik kekerasan seksual di lingkungan perguruan tinggi. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Keislaman, 3(3), 391–396. https://doi.org/10.55883/jipkis.v3i3.98
Manurung, C. B. M., Ghufriani, D. R., Winata, H., Aulia, M., Akbar, M. A. T., et al. (2024). Analisis kekerasan seksual di lingkungan kampus menurut perspektif hukum dan masyarakat. Majalah Hukum Indonesia, 2(2).
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Muh. Thala'at, Safinah, & Khairul Farizin. (2025). Analisis Literatur dan Tinjauan Hukum tentang Upaya Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam. IJIERA: International Journal of Islamic Education and Research Application, 1(1).
Mutia Hafizah, Netrawati, & Yeni Karneli. (2024). Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual pada Peserta Didik di Indonesia dengan Pendekatan Eksistensial: Systematic Literature Review. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(3), 225–238. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.10385
Mutia Fitri, E. ., Widi Lestari, A., Firdausi, F., & Dwi Nanarhati Setiamandani, E. . (2023). IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TENTANG PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL (PPKS) DI PERGURUAN TINGGI. Journal of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (gesi), 1(1). https://doi.org/10.38156/gesi.v1i1.147
Nieder, C., Thomae, K., & Kärtner, J. (2024). Online sexual violence prevention on a female college campus in India: Evaluation of the RISE-ON program. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 24(2), 100470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100470
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
Oktaviani R. M. Makin. (2023). Karakteristik Kekerasan Seksual di Lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Keislaman, 3(3), 391–396. https://doi.org/10.55883/jipkis.v3i3.98
Pambudi, A. R., Sutrisno, E., & Rivai, F. H. (2025). An Analysis of the Implementation of Sexual Violence Prevention and Response Policies (PPKS) in Higher Education in Indonesian. Ilomata International Journal of Social Science, 6(3), 1142–1162. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijss.v6i3.1820
Quran, R. F. (2022). Kekerasan seksual di lingkungan perguruan tinggi. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 8(15), 480–486. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7052155
Ritonga, A. R., Thamrin, M. H., & Nur'aini. (2025). Optimalisasi komunikasi penyuluhan dalam pencegahan pelecehan seksual di institusi pendidikan tinggi (Tinjauan literatur sistematis). Komunika, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.32734/komunika.v20i02.18104
Salim, L. A., Muthmainnah, M., Christiawan, R., Nurmala, I., Devi, Y. P., Salsabila, A. C., Ekoriano, M., Latifah, L. (2026). Factors associated with sexual violence prevention behavior among female students in Indonesia. The Open Public Health Journal, 19. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445409923251027185405
Satria, T. B., Landrawan, I. W., & Hartono, M. S. (2025). IMPLEMENTASI PERMENDIKBUD RISTEK NO 30 TAHUN 2021 JO PERMENDIKBUD RISTEK NOMOR 55 TAHUN 2024 SEBAGAI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI DI KABUPATEN BULELENG. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sui Generis, 5(3). https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JIH/article/view/5827
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Sofyan, I. M., Sukma, N. I. E., Izzah, A. N., Althof, T. N., & Supriyono. (2024). Dinamika kekerasan seksual yang terjadi di lingkungan kampus: Tinjauan terhadap faktor penyebab dan upaya untuk menguranginya. Bersatu: Jurnal Pendidikan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, 2(2), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.51903/bersatu.v2i2.615
Wartoyo, F. X., & Ginting, Y. P. (2023). Kekerasan seksual pada lingkungan perguruan tinggi ditinjau dari nilai Pancasila. Jurnal Lemhannas RI, 11(1), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.55960/jlri.v11i1.423
World Health Organization. (2002). World Report on Violence and Health. WHO.
World Health Organization. (2010). Preventing Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Against Women. WHO.
Yockey, R. A., Mantey, D. S., Hoopsick, R., Amis, A., Devier, E., Drane, C., & Silva, R. (2026). Sexual violence among U.S. high school students: Differences by sexual identity, 2023. Journal of Adolescent Health, 78(3), 470–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2025.10.027
Zed, M. (2018). Metode penelitian kepustakaan (3rd ed.). Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Published
2026-09-25
How to Cite
[1]
Zuni, U., Nur Qurotul Nabila Atikah, Zakia, M.Z.A. and M. Djamal 2026. Strengthening Efforts to Prevent Sexual Violence in Creating a Safe, Comfortable, and Inclusive Academic Environment. Jurnal Ilmiah Kanderang Tingang. 17, 2 (Sep. 2026), 258-278. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37304/jikt.v17i2.454.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ulfah Zuni, Nur Qurotul Nabila Atikah, Maiyakhwa Zakia Amalia Zakia, M. Djamal
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-3651
