Development of a Moodle-Based Learning Management System (LMS) for Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-Oriented Covalent Bonding Instruction
Abstract
Covalent bonding is one of the chemistry concepts that remains difficult for students to understand due to its abstract nature. As a result, students often experience difficulties in visualizing the process of covalent bond formation and understanding the interactions between atoms. This condition highlights the need for interactive learning media that can visualize abstract concepts while actively engaging students in constructing accurate conceptual understanding. This study aimed to develop a Moodle-based Learning Management System (LMS) on covalent bonding as an interactive learning medium suitable for senior high school chemistry instruction. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the DDD-E (Decide, Design, Develop, and Evaluate) model. The development process consisted of needs analysis, design, development, and evaluation through expert reviews conducted by two university lecturers. Following revisions, the developed product was evaluated through a limited trial involving three chemistry teachers and five students. Data were collected using review sheets, teacher response questionnaires, and student response questionnaires. The results indicate that the Moodle-based LMS was successfully developed through several stages of refinement based on reviewers' feedback. The teachers evaluated the LMS as highly appropriate in terms of content, instructional design, media appearance, and navigation features. Furthermore, the interpretation of the student response questionnaires revealed that students' responses to the LMS were categorized as highly positive regarding content, media appearance, organization and navigation, and overall user experience. These findings suggest that the developed LMS effectively supports the teaching of covalent bonding by providing interactive learning activities and engaging instructional media.
Keywords: Learning Management System; Moodle; Covalent Bonding; Interactive Learning Media; Chemistry Education.
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