Pemetaan Risiko Iklim dan Kualitas Udara terhadap Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut di Priangan Timur, Indonesia
Abstrak
Perubahan iklim telah menjadi isu penting dalam kesehatan masyarakat, terutama melalui pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas udara dan kejadian penyakit pernapasan. Variasi suhu, curah hujan, kelembapan, dan kecepatan angin terbukti dapat memperburuk kerentanan kesehatan, khususnya di wilayah yang sensitif terhadap perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara parameter iklim, kualitas udara, dan jumlah pasien yang dirawat akibat penyakit pernapasan di Priangan Timur, Indonesia, menggunakan data observasi periode 2022–2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan infeksi saluran pernapasan yang signifikan selama periode kondisi iklim ekstrem, khususnya ketika curah hujan dan suhu tinggi pada September–November (SON) 2022, serta ketika curah hujan dan suhu rendah pada Juli–Oktober 2023. Meskipun kualitas udara di wilayah tersebut secara umum masih memenuhi standar nasional, Indeks Kualitas Udara (Air Quality Index atau AQI) mengalami penurunan selama periode kering yang berkepanjangan. Kondisi ini berkorelasi dengan peningkatan jumlah pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit akibat penyakit pernapasan. Anak-anak diidentifikasi sebagai kelompok usia yang paling terdampak, yang menegaskan kerentanan kelompok demografis tersebut terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Temuan ini menyoroti bahwa risiko penyakit pernapasan bersifat multifaktorial, yang dipengaruhi oleh dampak langsung maupun tidak langsung dari variabilitas iklim. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan strategi mitigasi terpadu yang menggabungkan langkah-langkah rekayasa, kesiapsiagaan layanan kesehatan, dan tindakan pemerintah daerah untuk mengatasi risiko kesehatan terkait perubahan iklim pada masa mendatang.
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