Theoretical Review of the Utilization of Local Waste as Alternative Materials for Sustainable Construction in Concrete Technology Education

Abstract

The construction sector requires materials that can meet technical performance requirements while reducing resource consumption and environmental impacts. This study develops a theoretical framework that integrates the utilization of local waste, sustainable construction, and concrete technology education in Building Engineering Education, with a regional focus on Central Kalimantan and Palangka Raya City. An integrative literature review was combined with regional contextual data. Central Kalimantan produced 333.43 thousand tons of dry milled paddy in 2025, while the oil palm plantation area in 2023 reached approximately 1.94 million hectares at the provincial level and 13,873.64 hectares in Palangka Raya. The municipal solid waste generation in Palangka Raya reached 156.01 tons per day in 2023, although the construction waste fraction has not been quantified separately. The synthesis prioritizes rice husk ash, palm oil processing residues, recycled concrete, and brick/ceramic waste for source-based characterization in future research. The feasibility of their use must be verified through chemical, physical, fresh concrete, mechanical, and durability testing. This study produces a locality-based waste map, a material function matrix, a learning integration matrix, and a conceptual input-process-output model as a foundation for developing teaching materials and conducting further experiments.