Hubungan Kemampuan Penalaran Formal Dengan Prestasi Kimia Siswa Kelas XII Dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Tingkat Pemahamannya Di Pendidikan Tinggi
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan penalaran formal siswa SMA dan hubungannya terhadap hasil belajar kimia pada materi sifat koligatif. Penelitian jenis survei non-eksperimental ini melibatkan 67 siswa kelas XII MIPA yang akan melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang perguruan tinggi sebagai responden. Instrumen pengumpulan data terdiri dari Test of Logical Thinking (TOLT) yang menggambarkan kemampuan penalaran formal siswa dan tes prestasi belajar koligatif yang menunjukkan prestasi belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat korelasi positif yang signifikan antara keterampilan penalaran formal dengan prestasi belajar siswa dengan tingkat korelasi yang tinggi (r = 0,544). Sedangkan berdasarkan nilai koefisien determinan diketahui bahwa hampir 30% prestasi belajar koligatif siswa dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan penalaran formalnya. Jika dianalisis lebih lanjut, penalaran proporsional dan probabilistik memiliki persentase lebih tinggi (keduanya sama 61,94%) dibandingkan variabel kontrol dan penalaran korelasional (keduanya sama 52,985%). Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan kemampuan penalaran memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pemahaman materi siswa pada materi sifat koligatif larutan sesuai dengan persamaan y = 4,386 + 0,744x. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan bernalar memiliki kontribusi positif dalam memprediksi pemahaman mereka dalam mempelajari konsep-konsep di jenjang perkuliahan nantinya. Selain itu, faktor kognitif lain yang diperkirakan mempengaruhi persiapan siswa sebelum memasuki perguruan tinggi atau universitas perlu dipahami.
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